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LATIN PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

THE BEAT IS ON: LATIN PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

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    What defines Latin music? The rhythm and passion that beats at its heart. There are a huge number of types of Latin percussion instruments and Latin music styles – ranging from dance favourites such as Latin American drums, rhumba, merenge and salsa to chart-topping reggaeton and through to the intensity of tango.

    Find out which popular Latin musical instruments are used in the various genres and learn how you can use vintage Latin instruments to create music with composer Dave James.

    What Are the Most Popular Latin Instruments?

    The distinctive sound of Latin music also comes from its instruments – from percussion to Spanish guitar, hand drums, cowbells and tango’s bandoneon. Each country has different traditional musical instruments that represent its culture. Here is our latin percussion instruments list:

    • Percussion instruments, such as the clave, güiro and drums
    • Samba music instruments – including the apito and agogô
    • Stringed instruments – for example the Spanish guitar and the cavaquinho

    agogo musicians playling latin percussion agogo percussion instrument

    Latin Percussion Instruments

    The percussion instruments used in Latin music come in all shapes and sizes. The size of a cigar, the clave still packs a percussive punch. It’s a hand-held wooden block and you strike two together to make a sound.

    The pandeiro, which is popular in Brazilian music, especially samba and capoeira, looks a bit like a tambourine. A versatile instrument, you can not only tune it to your liking, but a musician can always play it either using their fingers or the whole palm.

    Another hand-held instrument is the güiro – similar to a washboard, it’s held in one hand and scraped using a stick to create a rattling sound, or it can be struck using a stick.

    The reco reco - also called the raspador, caracaxá or querequexé - is also a simple Latin percussion instrument, commonly used to create salsa and cumbia rhythms. It’s a Brazilian native and consists of a hollow piece of gourd with transversal lines carved on it, played with a wooden stick, though modern versions are made of a metallic cylinder with springs attached, and played with a metal stick – this results in a much louder sound.

    Originating in Cuba, the conga is a single-headed drum that’s usually in a set of two – with each tuned to a specific pitch.

    pandeira instrument latin percussive instruments flickr

    Samba Music Instruments

    An essential part of a samba band, and also a feature of merengue and mambo, is the timbale – a drum that’s played in pairs like the conga, but is shallower and has a high-pitched tone, especially if played by striking a stick on its metal casing.

    A samba band leader uses an apito (a whistle) to signal breaks and calls, with metal drums - repinique (or the Reps) – leading introductions. These are played with one hand and a wooden stick. Large bass drums known as surdo hold the beat, and are joined by snare drums, shakers and agogô (double metal cow bells).

    Latin/Spanish Guitars and Stringed Instruments

    Latin America is home to hundreds of stringed instruments – used for every kind of style and genre.

    The Spanish guitar is perhaps the most well-known of the Latin American instruments – it uses nylon or gut strings, as opposed to the metal strings that feature on modern acoustic and electric guitars. The flamenco guitar’s body is thinner than a classical guitar and the strings are closer to the frets, meaning that a player can play faster – capturing that essential frenetic flamenco tempo.

    spanish guitar flickr

    One of the more unusual guitars used in Latin music is the guitarron. A key part of a mariachi band, this acoustic bass is the rhythmic backbone of the music. A jumbo, rounded body with a convex back helps to emphasise the lower bass frequencies, while its six strings are a unique combination of three made of nylon and three made of steel, bronze or copper.

    The viola is a name that’s used for a variety of Latin instruments, with the Brazilian viola being the most popular. A little smaller than a classical guitar, it’s a ten-string instrument with a number of tuning options.

    Both the ukulele and the cavaquinho developed from a Portuguese instrument known as the machete, which was popular with sailors and explorers. Its sound varies from a light, ukulele-esque sound to a richer, warmer sound that brings to mind a guitar. In Brazil, the cavaquinho is used for samba and choro music.

    Creating an Authentic Latin American Sound

    Composer Dave James’ album Quirky and Cheeky Latin was inspired by the great Latin American big bands of the ’50s and ’60s. Cuban bandleader Perez Prado composed quirky and infectious music that’s still popular today and the original recordings, like ‘Mambo No. 5’ and ‘Guaglione’, have been used on many TV ads. The mambo rhythm originated from Cuba and is still a dancefloor favourite.

    dave james composer audio network latin percussion instruments studio

    Dave used his late father’s 1945 Buescher tenor sax to compose the feel-good vintage Latin American tracks with Keith Beauvais and Mike Craig. His view is that, ‘The unique sound of a vintage instrument really helps to add authenticity to the production and has imparted a very different tone to that achieved by modern tenors. The ivory mouthpiece (it was the only one my Dad had) certainly has a colourful sound, but it’s all part of attaining an authentic retro vibe.’

    Brass

    Dave explains that, ‘the typical style for brass arrangements of the time was that of a “call and response”, where the sax section would play a melody or riff and the trumpets and trombones would answer with a response riff, often panned hard left or right to enhance the stereo effect. There would also often be a baritone sax interjecting with its unique foghorn-like timbre, which added a quirky and often comical effect to the arrangement.’

    Passion

    ‘Although we didn’t have the luxury of a 20-piece brass section used by the big bands of the time, these five tracks have been recorded using four highly talented local brass players, all of whom share a passion for vintage Latin music which really shines through on the recordings.’

    Adding the Final Touch

    ‘After many weeks spent carefully mixing and editing the sections, a vintage room plate reverb imparted an authentic ambiance to the track and helps the instruments to sound as full and vibrant as possible.’

    Listen to all the tracks on Quirky and Cheeky Latin now for more Latin music inspiration.

    For more Brazilian music, check out rising star Sarah Roston’s EP, Eu Incomodo. For an overview of Latin American music, explore the Latin America playlist.

    We hope you enjoyed this article about Latin american percussion instruments! If you did, be sure to check out our blog for more insightful articles, the latest news, inspiration for your next project and industry expertise.

    Need Music for Your Project?

    At Audio Network we create original music, of the highest quality, for broadcastersbrandscreatorsagencies and music fans everywhere. Through clear and simple licensing, we can offer you a huge variety of the best quality music across every conceivable mood and genre. Find out how we can connect you with the perfect collaborator today by clicking the button below!

    This page was updated 07/03/2024.

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    BEST SONGS FOR GO PRO VIDEOS

    BEST SONGS FOR GO PRO VIDEOS

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      Make Your Travel Videos Stand Out with Our Best Songs for GoPro Videos

      Biking through the sand-dusted roads of Morocco, carving a path down the slopes of the French Alps, or skydiving off the coast of Australia?

      No matter where your adventures take you, make your travel stories simply awe-inspiring with one of our best songs for GoPro videos.

      GoPro Video Music

      Our GoPro video music is the ideal companion to all your favourite travel footage.

      From beachy house vibes to adrenaline-racing beats, we have thousands of background music tracks for all your travel videos.

      Background Music Tracks for Your Beach Travel Videos

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      Whether you’re backpacking through Bali or lounging on the shores of Santorini, tap into all those feel-good summertime vibes with our GoPro songs for the beach.

      Travel Songs for Safari and Wildlife Videos

      go pro videos

      Set your sights on one of our music tracks for your wildlife travel videos.

      There’s thousands of tracks full of upbeat tempos that will be an inspiring backdrop for your GoPro for safari videos.

      Water-Themed Music for Snorkelling and Diving Videos

      go pro videos

      If you’re swimming, snorkelling, or taking a deep dive into the sea, capture all the beauty of your ocean adventures alongside our water-themed music.

      Perfect for your GoPro for diving videos, navigate your way through our top tracks featuring deep beats and melancholic compositions.

      Music For GoPro Videos

      GoPro for Surfing Music Tracks

      go pro videos

      Make your surfing soundtrack one-of-a-kind with our GoPro travel video tracks.

      Our feel-good mixes feature atmospheric, floaty vibes, right alongside songs full of sunny California feelings that transport you straight to the waves of the Pacific coast.

      GoPro Ski and Snowboarding Video Songs

      go pro videos

      From Chamonix to Hakuba, and all the snow-capped mountain slopes in between, there’s so many breathtaking moments to capture when you’re using a GoPro for skiing.

      The mountains are an ideal backdrop for your GoPro travel videos. Discover countless tunes that feature spacious soundscapes, exhilarating rock riffs, and instrumental indie pop.

      Cycling Background Music for GoPro Videos

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      Take your audience off the beaten path with uplifting and encouraging musical tracks.

      Find GoPro for cycling music to accompany all your off-road adventures with Richard Lacy’s cinematic soundscapes or Ashley Barnes’s hard-hitting vocals.

      Need Music for Your Project?

      At Audio Network we create original music, of the highest quality, for broadcastersbrandscreatorsagencies and music fans everywhere. Through clear and simple licensing, we can offer you a huge variety of the best quality music across every conceivable mood and genre. Find out how we can connect you with the perfect collaborator today by clicking the button below!

      This page was updated 27/06/2024.

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      enviromental ads

      THE BEST ENVIRONMENTAL ADS

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        If there’s one thing most of us can agree on, it’s that we need to be kinder to our planet.

        Naturally, advertisers are savvy to our increasingly eco-conscious mindset, hence there are plenty of television commercials that place the environment front and centre of their campaign.

        What exactly does an environmental advert look like? Well, it all comes down to what is being advertised.

        To a fashion brand like Levis, an environmental advertisement informs consumers that theyre doing their bit to ensure that they make conscious decisions that are planet-positive.

        To an environmental organisation like Conservation International, an environmental advertisement warns viewers about the consequences of the planets destruction.

        To a car manufacturer like Mercedes-Benz, an environmental commercial often promotes a new, more eco-friendly automobile.

        Below, we take a look at the best environmental ads, produced by the likes of Apple, Pangaia, IKEA and WWF.

        How Do You Advertise Environmental Awareness?

        Before we dive into our best environmental ads list, we thought itd be best to answer one of the most popular questions surrounding the topic: how do you advertise environmental awareness?

        To that we say that environmental awareness can be raised in a plethora of ways, as there are a variety of aspects an advertiser may choose to focus on.

        Perhaps the most obvious way in which an advertiser may ensure that viewers are aware of the impact human beings are having on the planet is by literally presenting them with scenes of worldwide destruction, be that dirty oceans, droughts, wildfires or obtrusive landfills.

        A second way an advertiser may open up conversations about environmental awareness is by reminding viewers of the beauty of the world. Usually, these kinds of environmental ads ask viewers to be conscious about our impact on the Earth for future generations of humans and the animal kingdom.

        A third way advertisers can raise awareness about environmental issues is by presenting viewers with sustainable choices they can make to combat environmental issues – for instance, purchasing an electric car, or wearing clothes made from recycled materials.

        The fourth and final way an advertiser may raise awareness about the environment is by producing an advert that pivots around a promise theyre making which involves turning towards more sustainable practices. Of course, brands often do this to entice the conscious-minded to purchase its products or use its services.

        Check out this Earth Day ad from NASA for more inspiration.

        The Best Environmental Ads

        • Toyota – Environmental Commitment: Earth Day
        • Pangaia – What on Earth is PANGAIA?
        • WWF – We Are All Connected
        • Apple – A Climate Change Promise
        • Conservation International – Nature Now
        • UN Environment Programme – #CleanSeas Break Up PSA
        • Wild – The Sustainable Natural Deodorant
        • Adidas Originals – End Plastic Waste | STAN SMITH, FOREVER
        • Mango – Making Fashion More Sustainable
        • Volvo Moment – Sustainability #VolvoRecharged

        Toyota – Environmental Commitment: Earth Day

        For Earth Day 2018, Toyota announced that they are committed to building a better world via an upbeat commercial complete with an upbeat soundtrack.

        Its contribution? Eco-advanced vehicles that eliminate CO2 emissions.

        Pangaia – What on Earth is Pangaia?

        Eco-friendly fashion label Pangaia is concerned with finding new and unexpected ways to use natural materials to form hype-worthy clothes.

        Within this 2022 ad – soundtracked by psychedelic 60s anthem Ad Gloriam’ by Le Orme – the environmentally-friendly firm introduces themselves to anyone whos not yet aware of the brand and its planet-positive ethos.

        WWF – We Are All Connected

        WWFs 2011 We Are All Connected’ commercial is a touching piano-led ad that reminds viewers that all living things on this planet are bound together – from the elephants to the birds to the people – with a little love and a lot of rope.

        Apple – A Climate Change Promise

        Another environmental ad thats imbued with emotion is Apples 2020 A Climate Change Promise’ commercial.

        Essentially the ad places focus on a reassuring narrator telling a young baby named Edan that the company plans on making positive changes to the planet for the sake of future generations.

        Conservation International – Nature Now

        Think of the environment, and Greta Thunberg will likely come to mind.

        In 2019, Nature Now gave the young activist a platform to share her message about the impact fossil fuels are having on the planet.

        Its safe to say she gets her point across with a little help from some shocking visuals and a dramatic background music track.

        UN Environment Programme – #CleanSeas Break Up PSA

        Yes, environmental ads can be humorous. Case in point: the UN Environment Programmes #CleanSeas’ ad from the 2018 commercial.

        Inspired by archetypal movie break-up scenes, the ad focuses on a girl breaking up with ocean-damaging plastics – and, of course, its enhanced by some heartbreak music.

        Wild – The Sustainable Natural Deodorant

        Wild knows that saving the world should be a positive thing, which is why its ad focusing on sustainable natural deodorant from June 2021 keeps things light-hearted throughout.

        Led by a buoyant main character walking through the woods, the ad is about as laidback as an environmental ad can be.

        Adidas Originals – End Plastic Waste | Stan Smith, Forever

        Who better to inform audiences about the beauty of being green than Kermit the Frog? Yoda, you say? Well, hes also featured in this Adidas Originals ad that promotes the brands sustainable Stan Smith sneaker.

        Plus, the shoes namesake makes an appearance himself, along with some soul-stirring string-led background music.

        Mango – Making Fashion More Sustainable

        In 2021, Mango created a commercial characterised by earthy ensembles, atmospheric music and exotic destinations that let shoppers know that its committed to creating clothes from materials with sustainable properties.

        Its almost as if the Spanish brand is suggesting that shopping with them can help one reconnect with nature.

        Volvo Moment – Sustainability #VolvoRecharged

        Many viewers gained new respect for Swedish car manufacturer Volvo the minute that they admitted in their 2019 ad that theyve been contributing to climate change, but are looking to make some positive changes in the coming years. Finally, some transparency!

        The brand's plan? Become climate neutral by placing emphasis on electric models and using renewable energy to run production plants.

        Need More Ad Inspiration?

        If you happen to be an advertiser on the lookout for some ad inspiration, youve come to the right place. Here at Audio Network, we have heaps of ad-focused articles (just like this one) over on The Edit. So, no matter what type of ad youre looking to produce – whether that be a Valentines Day ad, Christmas ad, sports ad, Chinese ad or anything else – youll be sure to find content to seek inspiration from.

        Once youre set an idea, its time to start thinking about music for advertising – something weve also got an abundance of. The most productive way to explore our sizable catalogue? By discovering our playlists.

        Download New Music Today

        At Audio Network we create original music, of the highest quality, for broadcastersbrandscreatorsagencies and music fans everywhere. Through clear and simple licensing, we can offer you a huge variety of the best quality music across every conceivable mood and genre. Find out how we can connect you with the perfect collaborator today by clicking the button below!

        This page was last updated 20/05/2024 and 09/07/2024.

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        THE BRAZILIAN MUSIC STYLES

        THE BRAZILIAN MUSIC STYLES YOU NEED TO KNOW

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          When you think of the music of Brazil, the cornerstones of its culture are carnival – and music. It’s a country with many unique music genres, including samba, bossa nova and sertanejo – plus a knack of taking other genres such as pop, funk and rap and giving them a Brazilian makeover.

          The richness of Brazilian music comes from mixing tradition and modernity and tapping into both national and regional traditions – it’s constantly evolving. Samba in particular is a huge part of Brazil’s cultural identity, both in terms of music and dance, and is considered ‘the heartbeat’ of Rio’s annual Carnival – the biggest, boldest and brightest event in the Brazilian calendar.

          READY TO FIND YOUR PERFECT SOUNDTRACK?

          Brazilian Music

          Música popular brasileira, habitually shortened to MPB, is the catch-all term Brazilians use for Brazilian music in general. You can trace its history to the 1930s, when the national radio network made it possible for musicians to capture a national audience.

          However, Brazil is home to many regional musical centres, including the city of Salvador de Baha, with its unique blend of African and Brazilian influences; Recife (home to música nordestina or northeastern music) and eastern Amazonia – home to lambada, while Sao Paulo has a thriving rock and punk scene.

          The Traditional Brazilian Music Styles You Need to Know

          Samba

          Samba actually originated in Africa as the music of former slaves and African religions, but has become an icon of Brazilian national identity. Much like the blues in America, samba was originally a product of the sorrow of slaves who came to Bahia, a region in northeastern Brazil – ‘samba is the father of pleasure and the son of pain’ according to composer Caetano Veloso.

          But its combination of music and passion transform sorrow into joy. It developed in Brazil in the early 1900s, in Rio’s favelas, with the first recorded version in 1917 ('Pelo Telefone' – ‘By Telephone’).

          The original form of samba is samba de morro (morro meaning hill – it alludes to the slums located on Rio’s hillsides.) Here, the earliest samba style incorporated other music genres in the city, such as the polka, the maxixe, the lundu and the xote, creating a completely unique character.

          There are various sub-genres of samba, which include samba-enredo, which is what the ‘samba schools’ perform at the Rio Carnival. ‘Enredo’ is Portuguese for ‘plot’ – this style is about singing stories.

          Samba-choro is a mix of the two genres, while samba-exaltação is the most relaxed type of samba – check out 'Aquarela do Brasil' by Francisco Alves. Partido Alto has the most pronounced African influence.

          As festive dance music, samba plays a huge role in Brazil’s Carnival celebrations – Carnival is a huge party that takes over the streets in the week leading up to Lent. A samba band consists mainly of percussion instruments playing syncopated rhythms and the music features call-and-response and imitation.

          The band leader uses an Apito (a whistle) to signal breaks and calls, with metal drums - Repinique (or the Reps) – leading introductions, played with a wooden stick and one hand; Surdo – the large bass drums which old the beat, snare drums, shakers and agogô (double metal cow bells).

          Choro

          Choro pre-exists samba and literally means ‘crying, sobbing’, despite the music most often being joyous and celebratory. Its roots are in European salon music and Portuguese fado and it’s mainly instrumental, played with a flute a guitar, a clarinet and a cavaquinho – a miniature guitar introduced by the Portuguese. It’s known by some as ‘the New Orleans jazz of Brazil’ and, like much jazz, is based on improvisation and also for its dizzying speeds, and surprising changes of harmony.

          One of choro’s most important composers was Pixinguinha who, in 1922, was part of the first Brazilian group contracted to play abroad when they travelled to Paris. Choro began to fall out of fashion in the mid-1950s, but underwent a revival in the 1970s and is still being played today.

          Bossa Nova

          Brazilian singer and composer Caetano Veloso said in an interview with the Guardian that, ‘Bossa nova is a sacred music for many Brazilians. It’s political and nationalistic and poetic. It’s a form of high modernist art that somehow became one of the most popular musics on earth’.

          Veloso also revealed that it’s a rare example of music becoming popular by being more sophisticated (rather than, like rock ‘n’ roll, stripping out the complexity), as ‘it took the samba and added harmonic sophistication – extended chords and so on – and added a degree of lyrical complexity.’

          One of its key architects was Antônio Carlos Jobim, a classically-trained pianist who helped to fuse elements of jazz with samba to create the bossa nova sound.

          The music emerged at a very specific point in Brazilian cultural history – in a brief period of democracy between the early 1950s and the mid-60s, between two spells of military dictatorship, when industry, education, health and labour rights were all flourishing, as the society left behind its colonial past and looked out at the world.

          The phrase bossa nova literally means ‘new trend’ or ‘new wave’, and it became the music of choice for the emerging smart, young, urban Brazilian middle class.

          Bossa nova songs differ from samba songs in that their focus is more on the individual and the personal – love, longing and nature – whereas samba usually refers to the public sphere, with themes around carnival and politics. There’s also a difference in that there are no dance steps to accompany it, as there are with samba.

          One of the most famous bossa nova tracks is 'Garota de Ipanema' – aka 'Girl from Ipanema'. The lyrics were written by a famous poet, lyricist, linguist and diplomat, Vinicius de Moraes.

          The Portuguese lyrics are, however, very different from their English translation – the rhythm is displaced and the lyrics become languid, mimicking the movement of the girl passing by. Whereas in English, everything is on the beat. You can hear the difference when you listen to João Gilberto’s version.

          The song, which reached No. 5 in the US pop singles chart in the summer of 1964, sung by João’s wife, Astrud, became a global hit, and bossa nova fever gripped the US, helped by its popularity amongst jazz musicians such as Charlie Byrd, Dizzy Gillespie, and Stan Getz and their fans.

          The Beach Boys, with 'Busy Doin’ Nothin’ 'and The Beatles’ 'And I Love Her' brought in a bossa nova flavour, while Frank Sinatra and Ella Fitzgerald devoted whole albums to covers of bossa nova classics.

          Musician Sérgio Mendes thinks the continuing appeal of bossa nova music is because, ‘it’s very sensual, it’s very romantic, and you can also dance to it. Those three components make it very, very beautiful. And it has great melodies – melodies that you can remember.’

          Tropicália

          In 1964, just as bossa nova was hitting big globally, Brazil’s left-wing government was deposed – replaced by a military regime which resulted in open repression by 1968. Bossa nova’s serenity and sun suddenly seemed out of touch in these darker times and a sound influenced by rock and electric guitars – Tropicália – emerged instead, as part of a wider cultural movement.

          Led by Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil, the anarchistic, anti-authoritarian music and oblique lyrics of the Tropicalistas made them a target of censorship and repression by the military junta. The pair were eventually arrested and imprisoned and subsequently sought exile in London, where they resumed their musical careers.

          The 1999 compilation, Tropicália Essentials, is a good introduction to the style, featuring songs by Gil, Veloso, Gal Costa and Os Mutantes.

          Axé

          Originating in Salvador in the 1980s, Axé fuses Afro-Caribbean genres including marcha, reggae and calypso with Brazilian influences from frevo, forro and carixada. The name comes from a Yoruba term, meaning ‘soul, light, spirit or good vibrations’.

          Axé entered the mainstream in 1992, when Daniela Mercury released 'O Canto Da Cidade' – it remained at No. 1 for months and became an anthem for the Brazilian people. Axé’s current biggest star is Ivete Sangalo – check out 'À Vontade' for a flavour of Axé rhythms and style.

          Brazilian Pop Music

          The biggest genre in modern Brazilian music is sertanejo. Originating from the Brazilian countryside, it’s played across the country. Although there are some solo singers, many sertanejo artists are duos, often siblings, or duos of two men, such as Henrique and Juliano.

          Brazilian Rap

          Lifestyle site Highsnobiety claims that, ‘Brazilian rap has always felt caught between two worlds, unsure of whether to experiment with music indigenous to the country or follow the trusted pattern of American boom-bap.’ At the moment, trap is a big influence, but there’s still plenty of traditional Brazilian flavour to its rap scene.

          The Best Brazilian Music Artists and the Top 25 Brazilian Tracks You Need on Your Spotify List:

          1. Eu Incomodo - Sarah Roston

          Sarah Roston is a rising star, who was discovered by Ed Cortes (best-known for composing the score for celebrated Brazilian film City of God.)

          2. ‘Garota de Ipanema’ – Vinicius de Morae and Tom Jobim

          This is the track that many would think of as the essence of Brazilian music – it’s certainly the epitome of bossa nova. Plus, it’s the second most recorded popular song in history after The Beatles’ ‘Yesterday’.

          3. 'Life on Mars' - Seu Jorge

          Legendary samba star Seu Jorge performed the soundtrack for The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, composed entirely of acoustic David Bowie covers sung in Portuguese – he also appeared in the film, as well as in City of God and Netflix crime drama Brotherhood. His other collaborations include the Mario C. remix of ‘Tropicália’ with Beck, and a fashion collaboration with designer Rachel Roy.

          4. ‘Aquarela do Brasil’ – Gal Costa

          Gal is one of Brazil’s most well-known singers and this is one of her most famous samba tracks.

          5. ‘Baby’ – Os Mutantes

          Os Mutantes were one of the key Tropicália movement bands, whose avant-garde music blended traditional and foreign influences.

          6. ‘Wave’- João Gilberto

          Gilberto is credited as changing the course of Brazilian music, as he brought bossa nova to a global audience. He died last year at the age of 88, leaving a huge and much-loved body of work behind. This track was later covered by Frank Sinatra, Sarah Vaughan, and Ahmad Jamal.

          7. ‘Alma Boemia’ – Toninho Geraes

          Samba singer and songwriter Geraes has recorded more than 250 tracks. This is one of his most well-known.

          8. ‘Malandro’ – Elza Soares

          Elza Soares was declared by BBC Radio to be ‘the Brazilian Singer of the Millennium’ in 1999 and is one of samba’s biggest female artists.

          9. 'Essa Mina É Louca’ – Anitta

          Anitta is one of Brazil’s most popular mainstream artists. The funk pop singer was born in Rio de Janeiro and this is from her award-winning third album – the title translates as ‘This Girl is Crazy’.

          10. ‘Você Partiu Meu Coração’ – Nego do Borel

          Nego do Borel is a contemporary funk singer – this track features both Anitta and the sertanejo artist Wesley Safadão.

          11. ‘Balada’ – Gusttavo Lima

          National heartthrob Gusttavo Lima’s songs are mostly about love and relationships. He had a hit in Europe with his single ‘Balada’ (Party).

          12. ‘Trains and Boats and Planes’ - Astrud Gilberto

          She may be best-known for singing ‘The Girl from Ipanema’, but Astrud had a long and successful solo career internationally. ‘Trains and Boats and Planes’ was written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David and showcases Gilberto’s ability to capture emotion.

          13. ‘Essa Novinha é Terrorista’ – MC Kevinho

          One of the big hits at Carnival, this is a song about a girl and her friends dancing at a baile funk party, which involves a dance similar to twerking, by one of Brazil’s most popular funk artists.

          14. ‘Rap da Felicidade’ – Cidinho e Doca

          Born and raised in the notorious favela Cidade de Deus, Cidinho e Doca became famous for promoting peace within the unstable community – the song begins, ‘I only want to be happy, to walk calmly in the favela where I was born.’

          15. ‘Sorriso Negro’ – Dona Ivone Lara

          Samba track ‘Sorriso Negro’, which translates as ‘black smile’ is a popular track played during Rio’s Carnival and is one of Dona’s most popular.

          16. ‘Ponta de Lança’ - Rincon Sapiência

          Hailed as Brazil’s great crossover rapper, Rincon Sapiência is loved by purists, and casual listeners alike and manages to incorporate both Brazilian funk and trap into his music. However, his popularity doesn’t stop him writing directly about racial injustice in his country.

          17. ‘Rosa de Plástico' - Mariana Mello

          Mariana started out as a model and fashion icon with a big Instagram following, breaking through with EP Mariana. The production, message and video of ‘Rosa de Plástico’ will be right up your street if you’re a fan of M.I.A.

          18. ‘Perdendo o Juízo’- Flora Matos

          In a country with high levels of hate crimes against LBTQIA+ and few legal protections, Flora Matos subverts traditional male rap themes, and defiantly sings about a woman who’s in love with her.

          19. ‘Detalhes’ – Roberto Carlos

          Carlos is knowsn as ‘O Rei’, which is Portuguese for ‘The King’. He was originally part of a famous teenage band, Jovem Guarda, before going solo and becoming famous across all of Latin America. He’s famed for his gut-wrenching love songs.

          20. ‘Vamos Fugir’ - Gilberto Gil

          Gilberto Gil began as a bossa nova artist, and then began experimenting with reggae, African music and rock. Later in life, from 2003-8, he served as Brazil’s Minister of Culture.

          21. ‘Insensato Destino’ – Almir Guineto

          Guineto used to be the director of famous samba school Salgueiro before starting on his solo career – this is one of his most famous songs.

          22. ‘Ainda é Tempo pra Ser Feliz’ - Beth Carvalho

          Beth Carvalho’s career spanned over 40 years, starting with bossa nova and then becoming a huge samba star. Known as ‘madrinha do samba’ (the godmother of samba), she worked with a range of legendary sambistas.

          23. ‘Tristeza Pé No Chão’ - Clara Nunes

          Nunes was considered one of the greatest samba and MPB singers of her generation, and was the first female singer in Brazil to sell over 100,000 copies of a record with ‘Tristeza Pé No Chão’. Her achievements earned her the title of ‘Queen of Samba’.

          24. ‘Playsom’ - BaianaSystem

          Hailing from Salvador, and rooted in the Jamaican soundsystem tradition, BaianaSystem are best seen live, where they fuse reggae and dub, Afro-Brazilian pagode and samba with electronic production to produce a blood-pumping live set.

          25. ‘Me Deixa Legal’ - Maglore

          Tie-dyed pop-rock and singalong hooks have made Maglore popular in their home country since their 2011 debut full-length album Veroz.

          Need Music for Your Project?

          At Audio Network we create original music, of the highest quality, for broadcastersbrandscreatorsagencies and music fans everywhere. Through clear and simple licensing, we can offer you a huge variety of the best quality music across every conceivable mood and genre. Find out how we can connect you with the perfect collaborator today by clicking the button below!

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          AUDIO NETWORK VINYL

          LEVEL UP: GET TO KNOW THE BEST JAPANESE VIDEO GAME COMPOSERS

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            Japanese composers have been at the forefront of creating music for video games and are responsible for some of the most memorable soundtracks ever created. Whose music has regularly accompanied you, as you journey through the levels?

            Koji Kondo

            Kondo answered an ad for a sound designer posted by Nintendo in 1984, and has worked for the company ever since as a sound director and composer.

            A true maestro, you’ll recognise the earworms he created for the Super Mario series, Star Fox and the Legend of Zelda series – his soundtrack for Ocarina of Time often tops the charts of video game music picks.

            Junichi Masuda

            Masuda heads up all the music for the Pokemon franchise, from the very first Game Boy game to the world-dominating Pokemon Go.

            His music draws inspiration from the work of celebrated classical composers such as Stravinsky and Shostakovich, though he used the Super Mario series as a model of good video game composition.

            Akira Yamaoka

            Best known for the Silent Hill series, which he’s masterminded since its debut in 1999, Akira Yamaoka revolutionised survival horror, with Silent Hill 2 widely considered to be the best horror game of all time.

            Yamaoka created the sound design as well as its music, which was one of the first games to introduce rock and industrial music, particularly in Japan. As well as a love of new wave and Nine Inch Nails, Yamaoka was also inspired by prog-rockers Goblin’s soundtrack for horror film Suspiria.

            Shoji Meguro

            Meguro is a prolific composer at Atlus, known for his work on the Megami Tensei series. He created cyberpunk jazz-techno hybrids for Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers, and action-fuelled electronic and rock tracks on Maken X.

            He gained an international audience for his work on Persona 3, which used pop-based vocals - the soundtrack sold over 100,000 copies.

            Nobuo Uematsu

            According to Classic FM, whose Hall of Fame poll has included Uematsu five times in its top 20, he’s ‘the Beethoven of video game music.’

            Best known for scoring most of the titles in the Final Fantasy series, Uematsu is also referred to as ‘the John Williams of the video game world’.

            Uematsu’s influences are diverse, bringing together everything from stately classical symphonic pieces and heavy metal to prog rock, new age and techno-electronica and jazz.

            The intro to One-Winged Angel from Final Fantasy VII was inspired by Jimi Hendrix’s Purple Haze, while the lyrics were inspired by the medieval poetry on which Carl Orff based Carmina Burana.

            Yoko Shimomura

            Perhaps the most famous female videogame composer, Shimomura has showcased a huge range of different musical styles in her soundtracks, most famously for the Street Fighter II and Kingdom Hearts series.

            Her compositions include rock, electronica, oriental, ambient, industrial, pop, symphonic, operatic and chiptune.

            Miki Higashino

            Miki was the primary composer for the original Suikoden soundtrack – arranged versions of her original music for the game also appear on the Suikoden IV and V soundtracks.

            She also wrote or co-wrote music for the Gradius series, the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles arcade game and Contra III.

            Michiru Yamane

            The composer for Castlevania: Symphony of the Night is also a pianist whose musical style draws on baroque, classical (her university thesis was on Bach) and rock traditions.

            She’s best known for her two decades’ work for games company Konami.

            Masato Nakamura

            In his home country, Nakamura is most famous as a member of JPop band Dreams Come True, who have sold over 50 million CDs.

            But internationally, he’s best known as the composer for the iconic Sonic the Hedgehog and Sonic the Hedgehog 2.

            Yuzo Koshiro

            Koshiro is regarded as one of the most influential innovators in chiptune and video game music, revolutionising it by producing music spanning genres as diverse as breakbeat, electro, hardcore, jungle, hip hop, jazz and synth rock.

            Hailed by Nintendo Power as ‘arguably the greatest game-music composer of the 16-bit age’, his ahead-of-their-time soundtracks appeared on The Revenge of Shinobi, ActRaiser and Streets of Rage. The latter is said to have influenced electronica, grime and dubstep producers, together with artists such as Labrinth and Darkstar.

            Masafumi Takada

            Takada has worked on projects including killer7, Contact and No More Heroes, as well as the Danganronpa series, often partnering with guitarist and composer Jun Fukuda.

            He’s also a founding member of the game development studio Too Kyo Games.

            Hirokazu “Hip” Tanaka

            Known as a pioneer of chiptune music, Tanaka is one of gaming’s most celebrated figures – and one of its most prolific.

            He joined Nintendo in 1980, and was in charge of sound effect design for early arcade games, including Space Firebird, together with video games such as Super Mario Land and Tetris. He also helped to design the sound hardware of the Game Boy and, as part of Creatures Inc., he composed music for the Pokemon anime series.

            If you’re intrigued by the creative process of making games, then check out Red Bull’s exhaustive (nearly 2-hour) interview with Hip Tanaka (it’s subtitled in English).

            Plus if you need musical effects, we have sounds, atmospheres and more – whether you need a track featuring a heartbeat or water noises, a clock, a drone, or a weather mood such as wind or extreme cold, check out our playlist hub.

            Explore more Japanese music, including JPop and traditional styles, with our Japan Collection. Or if you'd like to read more, check out our articles on Traditional Japanese Instruments and Japanese YouTube Stars.

            Need Music for Your Project?

            At Audio Network we create original music, of the highest quality, for broadcastersbrandscreatorsagencies and music fans everywhere. Through clear and simple licensing, we can offer you a huge variety of the best quality music across every conceivable mood and genre. Find out how we can connect you with the perfect collaborator today by clicking the button below!

            This page was last updated 21/05/2024 and 27/06/2024.

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            THE BIGGEST JAPANESE YOUTUBE STARS

            JAPANESE YOUTUBERS: TOP JAPANESE YOUTUBE STARS

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              Who is your favourite Japanese YouTuber? YouTube is the world’s most searched for website and has well over a billion users. Japanese YouTube and Japanese YouTubers may be still far behind their international rivals (the world’s most famous YouTuber, PewDiePie, has around 103 million subscribers…), but they’re up there in the millions, and there are signs that they’re breaking into mainstream pop culture.

              So, who are the up and coming names, and what are they vlogging about?

              READY TO FIND YOUR PERFECT SOUNDTRACK?

              Hajime

              10.2 Million Subscribers

              Hajime Syacho has the largest number of YouTube subscribers in Japan, with three channels where he films everything from experiments to hidden camera skits, Q&As to product reviews, as well as lifestyle videos and promos.

              As well as YouTube, he also has one of the biggest Twitter followings in Japan.

              Plus, since 2015, he’s held the Guinness World Record for playing a traditional Japanese game called ‘Darumasan ga koronda’ with 740 people simultaneously.

              Hikakin TV

              10.7 Million Subscribers

              Hikakin is one of the co-founders of UUUM, a Japanese multi-channel network. UUUM works with more than 3,500 YouTubers in Japan, working with around 500 Japanese brands, crafting entertainment content around products.

              Hikakin’s YouTube career started early – in high school, he became one of the first content creators on the platform in Japan, doing beatbox covers and tutorials. In 2010, a video of his Super Mario Bros. beatbox went viral, with over 3.8 million views.

              His collaboration on a beatboxing video of Baby I with Ariana Grande (who has 39.9 million subscribers herself) from 2014 has clocked up over 10 million views and he’s also performed with Ne-Yo.

              Yuka Kinoshita

              5.4 Million Subscribers

              Yuka is Japan’s most subscribed female YouTuber, and specialises in Mukbang videos – ie, eating loads of food.

              She used to be a ‘competitive eater’ and started her channel in 2014. Yuka’s also a breakthrough content creator on Weibo, the Chinese microblogging site, with over 800,000 fans.

              Her videos have garnered more than 2 billion views – probably helped by the fact that they feature English subtitles. She could certainly go pound for pound with Man v. Food’s Adam Richman.

              Fischer’s

              7.3 Million Subscribers

              The seven members of the Fischer’s team aim to upload their comedy and prank videos daily, and are planning to learn English in order to increase the reach and audience for their OTT antics and slapstick comedy.

              In 2019, they broke a Guinness World Record for the largest game of tag, made up of 10,908 people.

              SeikinTV

              4.3 Million Subscribers

              Seikin is Hikakin’s older brother and his main channel focuses on his daily life, whereas on SeikinGames, he plays a variety of games.

              Dubbed ‘the master of product reviews’, Seikin gives his views on everything from prams to chocolate molds, together with comedy sketches and DIY project tutorials.

              In 215, Seikin collaborated with Japanese pop band Kobukuro, and the YouTube Theme Song he composed together with his brother Hikakin has become the most viewed music video made by a YouTuber in Japan.

              Asahi Sasaki

              929k Subscribers

              Asahi was Japan’s first beauty vlogger, and has since created a mix of fashion, hair, nails, everyday makeup tutorials and stunning transformation videos – changing herself into a Japanese empress, a horror doll and a Ninja Turtle amongst other things.

              On her channel ‘sasakiasahivlog’, she talks about her daily life and plays games.

              Self-taught from YouTube and fashion magazines, she prides herself on using affordable beauty products. This Vintage Doll demo has had nearly 27 million views since 2014.

              Kan & Aki’s Channel

              3.4 Million Subscribers

              Aimed at families and kids, three tomboyish young sisters, Kanna, Akira and Asahi (the channel was named before Asahi was born), film segments about new toys and their trips to different places.

              Launched in 2010, the channel’s scored well over 6.5 billion views.

              Tokai Onair

              6.4 Million Subscribers

              The six members of Tokai Onair went to the same high school in Okazaki city, and have been appointed as official tourism ambassadors for their hometown, despite their videos being a bit crazy, and a bit rude.

              This one is about the ‘left-side steering wheel parking machine race’:

              Hikaru

              4.7 Million Subscribers

              Hikaru is famed for his big budget, unconventional dark comedy videos. He also features fun retellings of urban legends and supernatural experiences.

              His channel Hikaru Games shows him playing popular Japanese games.

              Sushi Ramen (Riku)

              6 Million Subscribers

              Riku Horiuchi (aka Sushi Ramen [Riku]), makes experimental videos on his main channel, featuring extreme challenges and stunts, reminiscent of Jackass.

              MosoGourmet

              3 Million Subscribers

              MosoGourmet was created by an ordinary Japanese family and is described as ‘oddly satisfying’ with ‘subtle humour’.

              Their Giant Oreo Cake video entices you to ‘please watch while you worry, “is the hand mixer going to break?”’

              PDR

              1 Million Subscribers

              Duncan Ryunosuke Pain is better known online as PDR and is married to fellow YouTuber Mimei, while his brother Dante runs the channel PDSKabushikiGaisha.

              Half Japanese and half English, Duncan posts his vlogs and pranks in Japanese, with English subtitles (he also has an English-language vlog called Just Duncan).

              Mizutamori Bond

              4 Million Subscribers

              More comedy from Kanta and Tommy, who started their channel while studying at university. Their daily videos range from pranks to experiments to exploring urban legends.

              Their fried rice prank video has clocked up over 11 million views. Proof of their popularity is that they play themselves in Sadako, the sequel to the Ring, Japan’s No. 1 horror film.

              This time, the curse is spread after a video is posted on a streaming site.

              PDSKabushikiGaisha

              1.5 Million Subscribers

              PDS is Dante, PDR’s brother who, after experimenting with cooking videos, original songs and unboxing, has now found his niche in bodybuilding and workout-related content.

              Kazu

              1.8 Million Subscribers

              Kazu grew up in Fukui prefecture in the Japanese countryside, and had his big breakthrough with a time-lapse diet video.

              He vlogs about everything from tech reviews to cooking and gaming – as well as documenting building his own house.

              Risa Sekine

              1.3 Million Subscribers

              Risa Sekine is said to be the first YouTuber in Japan to have made a million dollars on her beauty channel, SekineRisa.

              Cooking with Dog

              1.6 Million Subscribers

              Cooking with Dog features canine host Francis (a very cute grey poodle) and a mysterious, unnamed Japanese chef. While Chef cooks a variety of popular Japanese dishes, Francis sat next to her, narrating the recipes in heavily-accented English.

              Francis unfortunately passed away in 2016, so is now represented by a soft toy sitting on the counter, but you can still hear his ‘voice’. The show began in 2007 and there’s a new recipe every weekend.

              Suzukawa Ayako

              965k Subscribers

              Suzukawa is a family-oriented mother who loves her kids and cars.

              Her videos range from visiting museums with her children, to assembling models of toy trains.

              Melodee Morita

              310k Subscribers

              Melodee is a TV reporter and director who, along with travel videos, features tips on how to eat and exercise to maintain a healthy lifestyle, and on acting.

              That Japanese Man Yuta

              1.2 Million Subscribers

              Yuta Aoki is a Japanese man who ‘created’ his own method to learn English after being rejected for a scholarship in the US.

              In his videos, he goes out on the streets and interviews people about different topics, to allow viewers to understand what Japanese people really think.

              Need inspiration for video content for sport, culture, beauty or humour with a Japanese flavour? Check out our Sounds of Japan collection, which feature a blend of traditional and contemporary Japanese instruments and music.

              Need Music for Your Project?

              At Audio Network we create original music, of the highest quality, for broadcastersbrandscreatorsagencies and music fans everywhere. Through clear and simple licensing, we can offer you a huge variety of the best quality music across every conceivable mood and genre. Find out how we can connect you with the perfect collaborator today by clicking the button below!

              This page was updated 07/03/2024 and 14/03/2024.

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              TRADITIONAL JAPANESE INSTRUMENTS

              DISCOVER: TRADITIONAL JAPANESE INSTRUMENTS

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                The history of music in Japan is incredibly rich, with some experts classifying traditional Japanese music into over fifty genres. From gagaku to noh and kabuki, many of the genres are characterised by the traditional Japanese instruments that feature in them.

                Traditional Japanese Musical Instruments

                Traditional Japanese music includes everything from solo music to chamber, court, festival and folk music, together with a variety of theatre music. Historically, Japanese folk music was strongly influenced by music from China, with some of its forms being imported from China more than a thousand years ago. Many popular Japanese musical instruments also originated in China and were then adapted to meet local needs.

                The Earliest Music in Japan

                Japan’s earliest classical music style was imported via monks who had been sent to China to study. Gagaku – meaning elegant or refined music – entered Japan around 589 (the term was first recorded in 701) and became popular in the Imperial Court in Kyoto. Up until the 10th century, the music was adapted to Japanese tastes, and new pieces were composed. But since then, the repertoire and the style of performance are almost exactly the same today as they were a thousand years ago.

                Gagaku ensemble has three types of instruments – percussion, wind and string. The percussion section features different sized drums, together with gongs and cymbals. The wind section includes the sho (a mouth organ), three different transverse flutes and the hichirikai, a short, double-reed instrument like an oboe. There are three main stringed instruments, the wagon, a 7-stringed table zither, the gaku-biwa, a 4-stringed lute, and the gaku-so, a 13-stringed table zither that’s a precursor to the koto.

                Three of today’s best-known traditional Japanese instruments date back to that time – the biwa, the koto and the shakuhachi.

                Traditional Japanese Stringed Instruments

                The most popular Japanese stringed instruments are the koto, the biwa and the shamisen.

                Koto

                Historians think the koto was invented around the fifth to the third century BC in China, with the 13-stringed version coming to Japan during the Nara period (710-794).

                This large, wooden instrument is played with picks worn on the fingers, and uses movable bridges placed under each string to change the pitch.

                Of these traditional instruments, the koto is probably the most familiar and the most popular in Japan – it’s regarded as the country’s national instrument. During the New Year holidays Haru no Umi, a duet with the shakuhachi, is often piped in as background music, and during the cherry blossom (sakura) season, the popular tune SakuraSakura is performed on the koto.

                Biwa

                The biwa – a short-necked lute with a pear-shaped body played with a large plectrum – has many variations, but typically has three to five strings, and four to six frets. This is another instrument whose origins are Chinese, and it’s mainly used to accompany narratives and storytelling.

                Taisho-goto

                The taisho-goto is a uniquely-shaped type of koto, similar to a guitar, invented in 1912 when a Japanese musician, Gorō Morita, travelled overseas to perform and study. He was inspired by the variety of Western instruments, while the idea for adding buttons to change the pitch was taken from looking at typewriters! The taisho-goto uses metal strings, strummed with a pick, whilst pressing the key buttons.

                Shamisen

                The shamisen resembles a guitar, with a long, thin neck and a small rectangular body covered with skin. It has three strings, with the pitch adjusted by tuning pegs on the head, like a guitar or violin, but without frets. It’s played with a large triangular plectrum that’s used to strike the strings.

                Sanshin

                ‘Sanshin’ translates as ‘three strings’ and the instrument’s ‘male’ string, middle string and ‘female’ string produce the lowest, middle and highest notes respectively. The sanshin is often compared to the banjo, but it’s a plucked instrument. Made with snakeskin and originating in Okinawa, the sanshin is often played at graduations or other special ceremonies there.

                Traditional Japanese Percussion

                Taiko

                Taiko drums are seen at many summer festivals in Japan, and come in a variety of sizes. The most dramatic are the oo-daiko, which are the large drums positioned at the back of a taiko ensemble.

                It’s said that taiko or wadaiko were used by feudal lords during war times to command troops and raise morale – the drums create an incredibly powerful sound.

                Contemporary composer and taiko drummer Joji Hirota says that, ‘I love the range of the sound dynamics of the taiko drums – it goes from very delicate to really loud! There aren’t many comparable instruments. It’s partly to do with the leather they’re made from; it’s very durable. The resonance hits you directly; it’s able to deliver a lot of energy to the listener.'

                Traditional Japanese Wind Instruments

                Shakuhachi

                The shakuhachi is a flute made of bamboo that’s played by blowing on one end.

                Sometimes called a ‘five-holed bamboo flute’ in English, it has four holes on the front, and one on the back, and is characterised by its distinctively poignant tone. Shakuhachi music was originally used by Zen Buddhists as a spiritual tool for meditation practices known as ‘suizen’, ra-ther than public performances.

                Nohkan

                Used during noh performances, the nohkan is a transverse flute which creates a unique sound that produces a feeling of tension. It’s used to accompany the historical figures and deities in noh theatre who are ‘not of this world’ when they appear on the stage – the nohkan’s high-pitched sound changes the atmosphere for the audience.

                Shinobue

                The shinobue is another transverse flute, which plays an important role in noh and kabuki theatre music, together with Shinto music and traditional Japanese folk songs. There are two types of shinobue, the Uta or ‘song’, which is suited to solo and ensemble playing and the Hayashi or ‘festival’, which is more often used for festival or folk music, as it’s louder and higher-pitched.

                Sho

                One of the key instruments used in gagaku, the sho is a bundle of seventeen bamboo pipes, fifteen of which are fixed together with a metal reed. The instrument produces sound when air is inhaled or exhaled, causing the reeds to vibrate.

                Its sound has been described as ‘a light shining down from heaven’, and it’s said that it also imitates the call of a phoenix, especially as the shape of the sho resembles a bird with its wings raised.

                Explore these different aspects of Japanese music culture with our shamisen shakuhachi and koto tracks.

                Performing Traditional Japanese Music

                In common with martial arts and other traditional Japanese art forms such as the tea ceremony and calligraphy, performing Japanese music has a spiritual character, and so the music is highly ritualised. The musician’s self-expression is minimized, which is the most obvious way in which Japanese performance differs from Western music.

                Only a few genres in Japanese music are purely instrumental – most are songs with an instrumental accompaniment. However, even if there’s more than one singer, all vocal music only has one melodic line, and most songs are accompanied by a single type of instrument.

                Modern Music with Traditional Japanese Instruments

                Various contemporary artists bring traditional Japanese instruments such as shamisen and taiko drums into their music, giving them a whole new life. Often fusing them with Western instruments to give their tracks a unique personality, these are the bands to check out:

                The Yoshida Brothers

                The Yoshida Brothers have brought shamisen music up to date – their song Kodo was used in Nintendo Wii ads in the US. Their style pushes the shamisen’s sound into jazz, experimental music, rock ‘n’ roll and pop by combining it with more modern instruments.

                Kodo

                Elite taiko drummers Kodō (prospective members spend two years in training before joining) regularly tour in Japan and the United States, spending around a third of the year travelling the globe. Their shows also include other traditional Japanese instruments, such as the shamisen, together with traditional dance and vocal performances.

                Wagakki Band

                The Japanese band play rock music including electric guitar and bass fused with wagakki (traditional Japanese instruments), such as shamisen, taiko, koto and shakuhachi.

                Need Music for Your Project?

                At Audio Network we create original music, of the highest quality, for broadcastersbrandscreatorsagencies and music fans everywhere. Through clear and simple licensing, we can offer you a huge variety of the best quality music across every conceivable mood and genre. Find out how we can connect you with the perfect collaborator today by clicking the button below!

                DISCOVER: TRADITIONAL JAPANESE INSTRUMENTS Read More »

                BEST LOVE SONGS FROM MOVIE SOUNDTRACKS

                THE 23 BEST LOVE SONGS FROM MOVIE SOUNDTRACKS

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                  Looking for love? Wish your life could be soundtracked like a movie full of romance movie songs? Us too.

                  A successful soundtrack for a romantic film has to convince you to fall in love with the characters and their story – and make you believe in both.

                  The swooping highs and lows of love need to be expertly matched by a composer or songwriter to make you swoon – whether it’s heart-breaking or heart-warming.

                  READY TO FIND YOUR PERFECT SOUNDTRACK?

                  The Best Love Songs From Movie Soundtracks

                  From massive orchestral strings and romantic instrumental music to chart-topping pop and the iconic love songs from movies, these are our favourites:

                  love songs from movies

                  1) Shallow - Lady Gaga & Mark Ronson (A Star Is Born, 2018)

                  Lady Gaga wrote Shallow with Mark Ronson, Dirty Pretty Things’ Anthony Rossomando and Miike Snow’s Andrew Wyatt.

                  As Gaga told Zane Lowe, ‘It’s two people talking to each other and talking about the need and the drive to dive into the deep end and stay away from the shallow area.’

                  In A Star is Born, Shallow marks a big emotional moment as the jumping off point for both the relationship between Lady Gaga’s Ally and Bradley Cooper’s Jackson, and the launch of the former’s career, whilst the latter’s begins to slide.

                  Gaga’s performance in the stadium scene as the song builds blasts out of the screen, instantly convincing you of Ally’s star power.

                  Gaga wrote the song with Mark Ronson, Dirty Pretty Things’ Anthony Rossomando and Miike Snow’s Andrew Wyatt.

                  As Gaga told Zane Lowe, ‘It’s two people talking to each other and talking about the need and the drive to dive into the deep end and stay away from the shallow area.’

                  If you need any further persuasion that this might be the most romantic song of 21st Century movies, the video of Shallow has had nearly 800 million views…

                  2) City Of Stars - Ryan Gosling & Emma Stone (La La Land, 2017)

                  La La Land’s soundtrack won the Oscar for Best Original Score – and Best Original Song for the gorgeous City of Stars.

                  From the glorious, sweeping opening ensemble tracking shot of LA’s commuters singing and dancing around their cars on the highway to the jazzy, upbeat strains of Another Day of Sun, the scene is set for a technicolour, Old Hollywood romance. As the overture, it establishes the film’s musical style as a blend of the contemporary and the traditional.

                  Ryan Gosling, as jazz obsessive Sebastian, famously learned to play the piano from scratch for the part, and the soundtrack takes in everything from a lush orchestral waltz for the magical Planetarium sequence to the dizzy joy of the Summer Montage/Madeline sequence and then the delicate, almost melancholic City of Stars, which first appears as a solo by Gosling, and later as a duet between him and co-star Emma Stone.

                  Gorgeous leads, amazing dancing and music, magical, romantic and just a little bit sad – you can see why it’s a modern classic.

                  3) I Will Always Love You - Whitney Houston (The Bodyguard, 1992)

                  In terms of movie love songs, they don’t come much bigger than I Will Always Love You.

                  The soundtrack to The Bodyguard became the biggest-selling of all time (an estimated 42 million copies sold worldwide), helped by Whitney Houston’s cover of the Dolly Parton classic spending 14 consecutive weeks as Billboard’s No. 1 song on the Hot 100 Singles chart and 10 weeks at No. 1 in the UK.

                  The film may have made a movie star out of Whitney Houston (playing singer/actress Rachel Marron), but you’ve actually got co-star Kevin Costner (aka Frank, her bodyguard) to thank for I Will Always Love You.

                  The final song was slated to be a cover of Jimmy Ruffin’s What Becomes of the Broken Hearted, but as production got underway, a Paul Young cover of the song was featured in Fried Green Tomatoes. Costner, a country fan, suggested the Dolly Parton cover as a replacement – and that Huston sang the introduction a capella to add more emotion.

                  Looking For Inspiration for a Romantic Soundtrack? Check Out These Top 5 Tracks From Our Catalogue:

                  LoveMax Brodie

                  Why Don’t We Fall in LoveCraig Hardy, Carolyn Jordan and Gifty Dankwah

                  Fall in Love AgainLincoln Grounds and Thomm Jutz

                  Seconds Away from LoveChris Dececio and Jamie Elder

                  4) It Had to Be You - Harry Connick Jr (When Harry Met Sally,1989)

                  Is When Harry Met Sally the best romcom of all time? We say yes, and Harry Connick Jnr’s cover of It Had to Be You won him a Grammy Award for Best Jazz Male Vocal Performance.

                  Norah Ephron’s brilliantly-drawn Harry and Sally might seem destined never to get together, but the lyrics sum up exactly why the opposites eventually attract: ‘For nobody else gave me a thrill/For all your faults I love you still’.

                  It’s quite spiky, for a love song, but captures loving someone when you know all their infuriating quirks as well as their loveable ones.

                  5) She - Elvis Costello (Notting Hill, 1999)

                  Another cover, this time of She, Charles Aznavour’s classic from 1974. Costello’s version soundtracks ordinary chap Will (Hugh Grant) and global superstar Anna (Julia Roberts’) unlikely romance in Richard Curtis’s Notting Hill.

                  Aznavour’s version was originally used in the film, but American test screening audiences didn’t respond well to it, so Curtis brought in Costello to record the cover.

                  6) Falling Slowly - Glen Hansard, Marketa Irglova (Once, 2007)

                  Girl meets Boy in Dublin and helps him to put together a demo of his music as they fall in love, portrayed through their songs in indie hit Once.

                  The love song Falling Slowly has a dash of Damien Rice in its stripped-back arrangement of piano and guitar and in the melding of Glen Hansard and Marketa Irglova’s voices – which took them to a win for the 2008 Academy Award for Best Original Song.

                  7) Kissing You - Des'ree (Romeo + Juliet, 1996)

                  Des’ree appears in Baz Luhrmann’s colourful, kinetic reimagining of Romeo + Juliet, performing Kissing You as the lovers catch sight of each other for the first time during the ball at the Capulets’ mansion.

                  It’s a beautifully simple piano and soaring strings ballad that’s probably accompanied thousands of brides down the aisle since it was released in 1996.

                  8) Kiss Me - Sixpence None The Richer (She's All That, 1999)

                  For more teen romance, check out super-sweet Kiss Me by Sixpence None the Richer on the She’s All That soundtrack.

                  A classic romcom, Laney Boggs (Rachel Leigh Cook) is transformed from geeky art student into potential prom queen with the help of popular jock Zach (Freddie Prinze Jr). Kiss Me is the backdrop to the Big Reveal of Laney post-makeover.

                  9) Up Where We Belong - Jennifer Warnes & Joe Cocker (An Officer and a Gentleman, 1983)

                  Joe Cocker and Jennifer Warnes' Up Where We Belong played a crucial role in making audiences go wild for the super-romantic ending of An Officer and a Gentleman, when Richard Gere’s character – in full Naval uniform – comes into his girlfriend’s (Debra Winger) factory workplace and literally sweeps her off her feet.

                  Writer Douglas Day Stewart said that in the first edit, everyone laughed at the ending. Then director Taylor Hackford put Up Where We Belong over it, ‘and when that version of the film was shown to an audience, they went crazy. We realised then that it worked.’

                  10) It Must Have Been Love - Roxette (Pretty Woman, 1990)

                  It’s got a banging soundtrack, some beautiful frocks, much-repeated lines (‘Big mistake. Biiiig. Huge’), Richard Gere (again) and Julia Roberts’ megawatt smile.

                  The sexual politics may be questionable, but Pretty Woman ends with Vivian refusing to be Edward’s mistress and getting the fairytale she wants, seemingly on more equal terms (Edward: ‘So what happens after he climbs up and rescues her?’ Vivian: ‘She rescues him right back.’)

                  If, however, you haven’t got your ‘fairytale’ ending and you’re suffering from a broken heart, crank up Roxette’s It Must Have Been Love – acclaimed by The Guardian as ‘the greatest 80s power ballad of them all, and perhaps the greatest breakup song…

                  It follows the old Motown blueprint in perfectly blending ecstasy [musical] with agony [lyrical].

                  11) Unchained Melody - Righteous Brothers (Ghost, 1990)

                  Nobody thought that pottery was sexy till Ghost put that sequence of Demi Moore throwing a pot with The Righteous Brothers’ Unchained Melody.

                  The song was originally written for a movie about life in prison, Unchained, way back in 1955.

                  From its humble origins, and post-Ghost, in 1999, the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers called it one of the 25 most-performed songs and musical works of the entire 20th Century.

                  12) (I've Had) The Time Of My Life - Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes (Dirty Dancing, 1987)

                  Dirty Dancing's soundtrack is a clever combination of period pop with smashes like co-star Patrick Swayze’s She’s Like the Wind, Eric Carmen’s Hungry Eyes and Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes’s Oscar-winning (I’ve Had) The Time of My Life gave the soundtrack broad appeal.

                  The duet expertly mirrors Baby and Johnny’s dance – and the lyrics, ‘I’ve had the time of my life/And I owe it all to you’ fits the summer romance plot perfectly.

                  The soundtrack sold over 32 million copies, spent 18 weeks at No. 1 in the Billboard 200 album chart and went multi-platinum. Thus proving beyond all doubt that nobody puts Baby in a corner.

                  13) Come What May - Nicole Kidman & Ewan McGregor (Moulin Rouge! 2001)

                  ‘I believe in truth, beauty, freedom, and above all things, I believe in love’, declares impoverished writer, dreamer and grade-A Romantic Christian (Ewan McGregor) in Moulin Rouge!

                  The first musical nominated for a Best Picture Oscar in 10 years, director Baz Luhrmann’s fizzing fin de siecle romance throws everything at its soundtrack, from an operatic version of Queen’s The Show Must Go On to a sample of Chamma Chamma from the Hindi movie China Gate, via a quick blast of The Sound of Music and 12 songs in the Elephant Love Medley alone.

                  With kinetic editing that several critics compared with music videos, writer Christian, showgirl and courtesan Satine (Nicole Kidman) and the rest of the Parisian cabaret crowd whizz through so many pop classics it took two years to clear all the rights.

                  David Bowie’s Nature Boy gives way to the frenetic stomp of Nirvana’s Smells Like Teen Spirit and there’s a memorably bonkers turn from Jim Broadbent sashaying around to Madonna’s Like a Virgin, whilst The Police’s Roxanne is given a sinister tango workover. Spectacular, spectacular, indeed.

                  However, Christian and Satine’s gorgeous love song, Come What May unfortunately missed out on a Best Song nomination at the Oscars, because it was originally written for – but not used in – Luhrmann’s Romeo + Juliet.

                  14) Don't Stop Me Now - Queen (Shaun of the Dead, 2004)

                  The first ‘rom-zom-com’ may have seemed an unlikely hit on paper, but is fabulous fun, although interestingly, Pegg has said that while the film is a romantic comedy, ‘People always think it’s a romantic comedy about Shaun and [girlfriend] Liz; it’s not. It’s a romantic comedy about Ed and Shaun.’

                  The film ends, after all, with Shaun and his now zombified mate playing video games in a shed, accompanied by Queen’s You’re my Best Friend, offering a bit of bromance for V-Day.

                  15) Iris - Goo Goo Dolls (City Of Angels, 1998)

                  Nicholas Cage plays an angel sent to help humans make their transition to the afterlife – but when he falls in love with a woman (Meg Ryan), he has to choose between love and eternal life.

                  Iris by the Goo Goo Dolls encapsulates his struggle – the band’s frontman, John Rzeznik said that ‘I was thinking about the situation of the Nicholas Cage character. This guy is completely willing to give up his own immortality, just to be able to feel something very human. And I think “Wow! What an amazing thing it must be to love someone so much that you give up everything to be with them.” That’s a pretty heavy thought.’

                  16) Love Is All Around - Wet Wet Wet (Four Weddings and a Funeral, 1994)

                  Richard Curtis approached Wet Wet Wet about covering a song for Four Weddings – the band had their pick of three songs, the other two being Gloria Gaynor’s I Will Survive, and Barry Manilow’s Can’t Smile Without You. Marti Pellow decided that they could make Love is All Around their own.

                  It proved the right choice: the song was Number One in the UK charts for 15 weeks, and spent so long knocking around the Top 75 (20 weeks), that the band eventually took the decision to delete the record from sale as so many people were fed up of hearing it (it was apparently still selling 120,000 copies a week). It’s sold 1.9 million copies in the UK, making it the best-selling love ballad of all time.

                  Not bad for a song which Reg Presley of The Troggs said that he knocked out in 20 minutes, at home with his family in 1968…

                  17) Kiss From A Rose - Seal (Batman Forever, 1995)

                  Director Joel Schumacher chose Seal’s Kiss from a Rose for the Batman Forever end credits, propelling it to Grammy wins for Song of the Year, Record of the Year and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance in 1996.

                  The song is a total belter and has appeared everywhere from Lip Sync Battle to It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia, Bones and animated animal X-Factor caper Sing.

                  18) La Valse d'Amélie - Yann Tiersen (Amélie, 2001)

                  Whimsical French comedy-romance Amélie has a soundtrack inspired by its heroine’s unique, quirky character.

                  Director Jean-Pierre Jeunet had Michael Nyman in mind to write the music, but a chance listen to a CD by French musician Yann Tiersen led to the film’s eclectic blend of toy piano, banjo, mandolin, accordion, melodica and vibraphone.

                  La Valse d’Amélie is a joyous accordion waltz that instantly conjures up Paris’s cobbled streets. A waltz needs two people and the theme chimes with Amélie playing hide and seek with her ‘other half’ and also demonstrating her emotional interactions with the film’s characters, as she seeks to secretly bring happiness to strangers wherever she goes.

                  19) You Make My Dreams Come True - Hall & Oates (500 Days of Summer, 2009)

                  It’s a story of boy meets girl, but as hopeless romantic Tom (Joseph Gordon Levitt) tells you from the start, ‘this is not a love story.’

                  For sheer put-a-skip-in-your-step happiness, though, the sequence where Tom dances, high fives and beams his way through the park to Hall & Oates’ 80s classic You Make My Dreams takes some beating.

                  There are fountains, there’s a marching band, there are cartoon bluebirds, there’s old-school Hollywood musicals choreography – it exactly conjures up the giddy joy of falling in love in one two-minute scene.

                  20) April Come She Will - Simon & Garfunkel (The Graduate, 2009)

                  Interestingly, all the Simon and Garfunkel tracks used in the film were originally put there as placeholders, as the duo were supposed to be providing new tracks, but failed to deliver.

                  Deciding that the songs (The Sound of Silence; Scarborough Fair/Canticle, The Big Bright Green Pleasure Machine and April Come She Will) perfectly underscored the emotions of the scenes, Nichols left them in.

                  But what fans remember as the film’s most iconic track, Mrs Robinson, doesn’t actually appear in its full version, as it hadn’t been completed in time.

                  Nichols needed a song for when Ben is racing to break up his girlfriend Elaine’s impending marriage. Garfunkel told Nichols that Simon was working on a song called ‘Mrs Roosevelt’; one name change later, and you’ve got a future classic.

                  Except, there was no verse, so in the film, you hear, ‘doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo’ – as Garfunkel confessed, ‘that’s called a song not written yet – only the chorus was there.’ The final version was released as a single in 1968, and appeared on the duo’s next studio album, Bookends.

                  21) Baby You're My Light - Richard Hawley (Nick and Norah’s Infinite Playlist, 2008)

                  New York teenager Nick (Michael Cera) is heartbroken after a recent breakup and is still making mix CDs for his ex-girlfriend to try to win her back (aah, the nostalgia of mix CDs.)

                  Nick’s heartless ex bins the CDs, which Norah (Kat Dennings) finds and they bond – over the course of a single night - through their shared musical obsessions.

                  Amongst tracks from Devendra Banhart, Vampire Weekend and Band of Horses, Richard Hawley’s Baby You’re My Light is understatedly lovely.

                  22) Take My Breath Away - Berlin (Top Gun, 1986)

                  Berlin’s Take My Breath Away is the 80s power ballad.

                  The song was written by Giorgio Moroder, with lyrics by his frequent soundtrack collaborator Tom Whitlock and used over the romantic scenes between Tom Cruise and Kelly McGillis.

                  23) I Don't Want to Miss a Thing - Aerosmith (Armageddon, 1998)

                  If you’re feeling in the need for OTT with a side of cheese, then whack Aerosmith’s I Don’t Want to Miss a Thing on the Spotify playlist. Armageddon starred Steven Tyler’s daughter, Liv. U2 were originally slated to perform the song – the idea for Aerosmith performing it only came about after Liv was cast.

                  The song was written by Diane Warren, and inspired by a TV interview where actor James Brolin said to his wife Barbra Streisand that he didn’t want to fall asleep, ‘’Cause then I’ll miss you.’

                  Warren had originally thought the song would be sung by a diva like Celine Dion, but ‘for a guy to sing that song… it just makes it more compelling. That’s what women never usually hear their boyfriends or husbands saying, right?’

                  It’s got power, it’s got passion, you can belt it out at karaoke – as Big Songs go, it’s the perfect movie love song.

                  This page was last updated on 22/11/2022.

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                  10 MUSICIANS and THEIR STAGE NAMES

                  10 MUSICIANS & THEIR STAGE NAMES

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                    READY TO FIND YOUR PERFECT SOUNDTRACK?

                    Within the music industry, it is not an uncommon phenomenon that artists adopt good stage names or performance personas.

                    The reasoning behind this can be varied; some artists wish to create a bit of anonymity, others to create a name that will make them stand out from the crowd, and others, well, you don't hear of many rappers called Aubrey, do you?

                    We take a look at 10 of our favourite name transformations and the stories behind them.

                    stage names

                    10 Musicians & Their Stage Names

                    1. Bruno Mars – Peter Gene Hernandez

                    Bruno - or should we say Peter - as one of the best-selling artists of all time, having sold over 130 million records worldwide seems as good a place as any to start playing the name game.

                    The stage name Bruno, supposedly originated from a childhood nickname he adopted due to his father saying he resembled the pro wrestler Bruno Sammartino...look him up.

                    bruno mars

                    2. Eminem – Marshall Mathers 3

                    We won't even bother spelling out the logic behind Em-in-em's stage name.

                    3. Lady Gaga - Stefani Joanne Germanotta

                    Lady Gaga is undoudtedly at the forefront of the stage persona game.

                    The inspiration behind Stefani's stage persona is said to have come from the song 'Radio Ga-Ga' by Queen. The name was actually first introduced by her manager at the time - who was also her boyfriend - Rob Fusari, however it was Stefani who later added her own touch to the stage name by adding the 'Lady'.

                    According to Flybe magazine, Fusari actually sued Gaga for using this stage name after they no longer continued to work together. Sounds like they might have had a bad break up too.

                    lady gaga

                    4. Drake — Aubrey Drake Graham

                    'Aubrey' doesn't exactly give off the best rap vibes.

                    5. Snoop Dogg — Calvin Broadus Jr.

                    Not only did Snoop decide 'Calvin' wasn't quite right for a stage name, back in 2012, the 'dogg' evolved into a lion for the release of his debut reggae album.

                    6. Frank Ocean - Christopher Edwin Breaux

                    Frank Ocean has always been a fairly elusive character on the music scene. So it's not too surprising that Frank - or Christopher - decided to adopt a stage persona.

                    However, after a large segment of his career dedicated to staying in the shadows while writing for other artists, his emergence into the public spotlight could hardly be deflected with the rapid success of his first album 'Channel Orange' which soon made it to Billboard's Number 1 spot.

                    The origins of Ocean's name were reportedly taken from Frank's love of the 2001 film 'Ocean's Eleven'.

                    7. Gene Simmons - Chaim Witz

                    Chaim is a traditiional Hebrew name that Gene decided to shed shortly after moving to the States from Israel, as he and his mother thought Gene would be easier to pronounce.

                    gene simmons

                    8. Shania Twain – Eileen Regina Edwards

                    Country Queen Shania Twain holds the legacy of being the best-selling female artist of all time in country music. However, many of her fans are unaware that her real name is actually Eileen.

                    Popular belief around the origins of Shania's name are that the name comes from the Ojibwe or Cree word for 'on my way'. However, as her biographer Robin Eggar has exasperatedly repeated, there is no such Obijwe or Cree word that takes that meaning.

                    9. Elton John - Reginald Kenneth Dwight

                    Reportedly, Elton John chose his stage name by combining the names of saxophonist Elton Dean and LongJohn Baldry.

                    elton john

                    10. Stormzy – Michael Omari

                    Stormzy's rapid rise to fame through YouTube was one that will surely go down in rap history when his freestyle 'Shut Up' attracted 17 million views in 2015, nudging him to realease the track offically.

                    Stormzy is not the only stage name Michael has adopted either, he has also been known to go by Wicked Skengman, Big Mike, Stiff Chocolate and The Problem.

                    Stage Name Generator

                    Want to have your own stage name? Check out our stage name generator below and see what you end up with!

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                    This article was updated 14/03/2024.

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                    BEST AERIAL SHOTS IN FILM

                    THE BEST AERIAL SHOTS IN FILM

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                      When it comes to capturing the perfect aerial shot, most filmmakers' minds will immediately swing one way: hiring a helicopter, loading it up with gear, and flying it over the beachfront or mountain in question. And power to them. Some of history's greatest cinematography has been pulled off doing just that.

                      But is that all that's on offer? Of course not. As modern creators, our tools have become far more varied, especially when it comes to taking our cameras to the skies.

                      Over the last couple of decades, the aerial shot has become a far more complex beast to work with: new technology has not only given us the chance to create stunning images, but also to let audiences experience the impossible. Here's my pick of the best aerial shots of recent years and, most importantly, how they were brought to life.

                      Zodiac (2007, David Fincher): Taxi Ride

                      It's hard to talk about amazing aerial shots without mentioning this one. For many filmmakers, this was a breakthrough moment in using computer-generated images to create an inventive realism. Although our eyes are now trained to notice that, yes, this sequence looks a little bit CG, at the time, this was mind-blowing stuff. If you don't believe me about it being CG, check out the breakdown at the beginning of this making-of documentary.

                      Birdman (2015, Alejandro González Iñárritu): Flying To Work

                      While this film's seamless blending stands out – the entire film essentially comprises one shot – its memorable flight scene is also a marvel of clever aerial work. Why? Because despite capturing the feeling of flying through the air perfectly, the cameras never actually left the ground. Using careful planning, clever compositing, and the right combination of static and mobile cranes, the illusion of using aerial photography in a busy New York City street is as perfect as the illusion of flight itself.

                      Skyfall (2012, Sam Mendes): Motorbike Chase

                      Enter the drones! When I heard they filmed this hectic chase scene on the roof of Istanbul's iconic Grand Bazaar, I didn't believe it. There's simply no way you would ever be allowed to fly a full-size aircraft that low in a built-up area. But no. Thanks to drone photography now coming into its own, the previously-impossible aerial shots scattered throughout the sequence were brought to life with perfection, bringing with them a massive shot of adrenaline to an already action-packed scene.

                      Jurassic World (Colin Trevorrow, 2015): Pteranodon Attack

                      The terrifying moment when a horde of winged dinosaurs swoops down the main street of a crowded theme park is one of my favourite recent aerial shots, purely for its mastery of so many modern technologies. Apart from the incredible dinosaur CG work that dominates this series, the use of drones for this sequence (and across the entire film) made for some far more dynamic shooting than would have been possible in any previous Jurassic film.

                      Star Wars: The Force Awakens (J. J. Abrams, 2015): Desert Escape

                      For us Star Wars nerds, seeing the Millennium Falcon twisting and turning through the desert landscape during the film's first teaser was everything. In the finished film, that dynamic aerial sequence is amongst the most exciting; as far as sky-high dogfights are concerned, this one takes the cake! While the scene is fully CG, what's important to note is how the visual effects artists blended a photographed/projected environment (sand, sky) with digital structures like the ruined destroyers. Stunning stuff!

                      Whether they're CG or achieved by drones, getting an aerial shot right is still quite a feat. These are my favourites, but what aerial shots stand out for you?

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                      This page was updated 07/03/2024.

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